SpanishSubjunctive Mood, Sentences The subjunctive is used after some conjunctionsNo definition set for conjunctionsLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. in Spanish to express hypothetical conditions or uncertainty, in addition to the other uses we have discussed in When to use the Spanish subjunctive. However, not all the conjunctions trigger the subjunctive. In this post, we will review what conjunctions are, which conjunctions require the subjunctive, and when to use the subjunctive after certain conjunctions that also accompany the indicative. If you want to know more, keep reading!
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word used to connect sentences or parts of sentences. In our previous post, we learned what the main clauseNo definition set for main clauseLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. and the subordinate clauseNo definition set for subordinate clauseLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. of a sentence are. We also saw that the subordinate clause is connected to the main clause by the conjunction que ("that"). Sometimes, the main clause can also be connected to the subordinate clause by other conjunctions. Take a look at the following examples:
main clauseconjunctionsubordinate clause
Llámame en cuanto llegues a casa.
Call me as soon as you arrive home.
main clauseconjunctionsubordinate clause
Estaré relajada cuando me vaya de vacaciones.
I will be relaxed when I go on vacation.
If this is the case, we can use the subjunctive or the indicativeNo definition set for indicativeLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. in the subordinate clause. The choice will depend on the conjunction. Some conjunctions require only the subjunctive, while with some others we can use the indicative or the subjunctive. Let’s explore them!
Conjunctions that require the subjunctive
Some Spanish conjunctions, like a menos que and antes de que, always require the subjunctive.
a menos que (unless):
No voy a aprobar a menos que estudie mucho.
I am not going to pass the exam unless I study hard.
antes de que (before):
Llámame antes de que hagas el examen.
Call me before you take your exam.
The conjunctions antes de que ("before"), para que ("so that"), and sin que ("without") require the subjunctive when the subject of the main clause and the subject of the subordinate clause are different. When both subjects are the same, we use the infinitive. In these cases, we omit que. Take a look at the following examples:
| Te he llamado para que me hables del proyecto. I called you so that you can tell me about the project. | Te he llamado para hablar del proyecto. I called you to talk about the project. |
| Antes de que llegues, te llamaré para saber dónde estás. Before you arrive, I will call you to know where you are. | Antes de llegar, llámame. Call me before you arrive. |
Conjunctions that require subjunctive or indicative
Some other conjunctions can trigger the subjunctive or the indicative in the subordinate clause. When do we need to use the subjunctive and when do we use the indicative? Well, when the main clause expresses a future event or a command, then, we need to use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause. If, on the other hand, the main clause expresses a past event or a habit in the past, we use the indicative. Let’s dive into it!
Future event or command
Let’s consider the following example:
main clauseconjunctionsubordinate clause
Iremos a este restaurante cuando me gradue.
We will go to this restaurant when I graduate.
Iremos is future tense and gradue is the subjunctive.
In the previous example, we have a verb in the Spanish future tense (iremos ("we will go")) in the main clause and we are talking about a future event (i.e., a graduation) thus, we need to use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause.
We observe the same structure when we express commands:
main clauseconjunctionsubordinate clause
Llámame cuando termines tu entrevista.
Call me when you are done with your interview
Llámame is a command (imperative) and termines is the subjunctive.
We don’t use the subjunctive when we talk about the future in questions that start with cuándo:
¿Cuándo ve⤷indicativendrás mañana?
When are you coming tomorrow?
When the main clause refers to a past event or a habit in the past, then we use the indicative in the subordinate clause:
main clauseconjunctionsubordinate clause
Fuimos a este restaurante cuando me gradué.
We went to this restaurant when I graduated.
Fuimos is preterite and gradué is indicative.
main clauseconjunctionsubordinate clause
Íbamos a este restaurante cuando estábamos de vacaciones.
We used to go to this restaurant when we were on vacation.
Íbamos is imperfect and estábamos is indicative.
The conjunction aunque ("even though/if or although") triggers the subjunctive when the speaker is reiterating something they assume is already known (even though/even if). On the other hand, when introducing new information or facts (although), the indicative is used.
Aunque no sea buen estudiante, voy a aprobar el examen.
Even though I’m not a good student, I’m going to pass the exam.
Aunque no soy buen estudiante, voy a aprobar el examen.
Although I’m not a good student, I’m going to pass the exam.
In the first example above, we used the subjunctive (sea) because the speaker assumes that the listener already knows they are not a good student. In the second example, we used the indicative (soy) because the speaker is stating the fact that they are not a good student.
Conjunctions such as tan pronto como ("as soon as") and después de que ("after") follow this pattern and are usually used with the indicative or the subjunctive (it depends on the time expressed). Take a look at the following examples; as observed, when the clause implies future, we need to use the subjunctive, while when it implies a past event, we use the indicative.
subjunctive
Tan pronto como sepas la nota, avísame.
As soon as you know your grade, let me know.
indicative
Tan pronto como llegábamos a casa, dejábamos los zapatos en la entrada.
As soon as we arrived home, we would leave our shoes in the entryway.
If you want to know more conjunctions that go with the indicative and subjunctive, check out the list we created! Also, here you have this acronym that may help you remember the conjunctions that go with the subjunctive and indicative.
To sum up
In this article, we went over the use of the subjunctive after conjunctions. We saw that some conjunctions always require subjunctive in the subordinate clause (antes de que ("before"), a menos que ("unless"), among others). Some other conjunctions can trigger the subjunctive or the indicative but we learned that if we express a future event in the main clause, then the subjunctive must be used in the subordinate clause. On the other hand, if we talk about a past event in the main clause, then the indicative is used.
We created some Spanish exercises to practice the use of the subjunctive after conjunctions. Also, don’t forget to check out the lists of conjunctions so that you know when to use the indicative or the subjunctive!
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